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What does 元亨利贞 really mean?

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The decision of Hexagram 1:

 

元亨利贞 (yuán hēng lì zhēn).

 

This is a highly mysterious phrase, appearing often throughout the Yijing.

 

  1. 元 (yuán) - the early meaning was that of a head.
  2. 亨 (hēng) - prosperity, success?
  3. 利 (lì) - Shaughnessy tells us it originally represented a sharp knife harvesting grain. Later it took on the meaning of 'sharp' as in 'intelligent'.
  4. 贞 (zhēn) - loyalty?

 

 

 

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I think it's one of the least mysterious statements in the I Ching.

 

A favorable beginning (yuan), penetrating progress (heng), beneficial appropriateness (li), and steadfast correctness (zhen) -- 

throughout the I Ching Yuanheng Lizhen stands for the "green light" in response to your divination.  A "yes," rather than what the outcome of other inquiries may be -- "maybe," "possible but not likely," "don't go there," "a hard no."  

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Here's an interesting article below with a variety of interpretations depending on how you break it up. There are moral, philosophical, divinatory, etc. meanings. 

 

In the Taoist I Ching (a commentary by Liu Yiming, trans Cleary)), it is said to be a complete cycle of creation, like the four seasons or the four parts of internal cultivation. 

 

https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijhsse/v9-i11/1.pdf

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